Don't put a stick of dynamite
under your real estate bubble!
I recently wrote about why adjustable rate notes were a risk to your mental and financial health. The post was so popular
http://richuncletim.blogspot.com/2009/12/why-using-adjustable-financing-is-bad.html I am writing a follow up, why balloon mortgages will blow your investment portfolio out of the water like a stick of dynamite!
In a sense, a balloon mortgage is nothing more than an adjustable rate mortgage with a fire cracker on the end of it. They get you to go along with it for the rate. But after the balloon period is over, usually 3 to 5 years, not only does the note adjust, but the entire foundation goes 'boom'! In simple terms, the entire note is due and payable.
"What happens if you can't pay the debt in full?
The note holder forecloses!"
What happens if you can't pay the debt in full? The note holder forecloses. If they don't get enough money for the property at the foreclosure sale, they ask for a deficiency. That means if you have other property they get that property too! If you don't have other property it gets even worse, they follow you until you can pay off the deficiency. In the mean time, no real estate investing for you!
So why do people agree to these dangerous financing devices? We usually encounter balloon notes in one of two situations. The first is owner carry deals. The second is in commercial deals. Either way they are risky business, but in both cases somewhat of a necessity.
Owner financing. The seller wants to sell and you want to buy but the seller does not want to pay all of it out in taxes at once. I say at once, because seller financing does not usually save taxes. It just postpones them. So maybe instead of doing a 1031 exchange the seller decides to finance the deal. He only pays taxes on the money he gets each year. That spreads out the taxes over time.
In most seller financing deals, even though finanicng, the seller wants his money sooner than later. Buyer and seller agree to a balloon payment and the seller assures the buyer, off the record, the seller will renew the note if the buyers can't pay it when the balloon comes due. The seller is such a nice cat the buyer agrees.
The seller turns out to be a nice cat. It is the shark who bought the note from the seller who turns out to be difficult to deal with. Usually, he bought the note at a discount. So the buyer pays top buck for the property in exchange for seller finance terms. The investor shark bought the note for a song, and note-investor shark often ends up owning the property for that same song, because he isn't going to extend the note.
"It is hard to get a bank to go out very long on a commercial deal."
Commercial deals. The second type of balloon payment comes in commercial financing. It is hard to get a bank to go out very long on a commercial deal. Unlike residential mortgages, commercial money is hard to sell in the secondary market. That means the bank does not want to take the interest rate risk with you for very long. However, when it comes to commercial deals, not only is the bank not taking the interest rate risk, they are adding a huge burden onto the buyer's back with their ability to call the note.
The bank wins in several ways. Obviously, the bank can increase the rate at the end of the balloon, so you have an effective adjustable rate note. Worse, the bank can usually increase the note rate a lot, often over market, because it costs a fortune to refinance a commercial deal, if the financing can be found at all!
"Imagine how many faces go pale"
Imagine how many faces go pale when the bank says,
"We aren't going to raise the rate when your balloon payment on your $1,000,000 shopping center comes due, Mr. Jones. We just are not going to renew!"
"Hubba hubba, but the loan market has dried up! No one is financing these properties" the investor replies.
"Precisely!" says the banker. "And neither are we. Too risky."
If the investor is lucky he kisses the banker's feet, cries and then begs for an extension. After the investor grows lots of gray hair the bank finally agrees, way above market rent plus points, plus processing, plus, plus, plus.
So what do you do?
When it comes to the owner carry deal you need to be more picky. If you must agree to a balloon, try to find the guy who was going to buy the note from the seller at a discount. They call these hard money lenders. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_money_loan Offer this hard money guy a higher interest rate, a lot higher. http://www.hardmoneyfunding.com/borrower.cfm Here is one hard money source.
"Then offer the seller all cash"
Then offer the seller all cash. A lot less cash. Not cash from your pocket. Cash from the hard money lender's pocket. Buy the property cheaper. When the thing finally goes up in value you will make real equity gains and not be worried about how you are going to pay your balloon.
When it comes to a commercial deal, try putting the terms out as long as you can. I think a fully amortizing loan is a good idea, even if over a shorter period. It forces you to be a better buyer, too, since you will have to buy it cheaper to make it work.
If you must agree to an interest rate jump, agree to what ever you have to agree to, rather than an interest rate jump and a balloon payment. The adjustable rate is enough. Save yourself some fees with your counselors for nervous breakdowns and don't agree to a short term balloon!